Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the acceleration of the cell renewal cycle, which causes the accumulation of dead cells on the surface of the skin, forming scaly, reddened plaques with different levels of inflammation. Although it is not contagious, it can significantly affect the quality of life of those who suffer from it, both because of its physical symptoms and the emotional and psychological impact it entails.

This condition can appear at any age, although it tends to manifest itself most frequently between 15 and 35 years of age. It is a pathology of chronic evolution with outbreaks and periods of remission, which means that it can improve at certain times and worsen at others due to triggering factors.

Psoriasis can present in different forms and in varying degrees of severity. The most characteristic symptoms include the appearance of thickened, reddish plaques with silvery scales, usually located on elbows, knees, scalp, lower back and other areas of the body. In some cases, the lesions may cause itching, pain and fissures that are uncomfortable for the patient.

There are different types of psoriasis, each with specific manifestations:

Plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris). It is the most common form and presents with well-demarcated reddened and scaly plaques.
Guttate psoriasis. It is characterized by the appearance of small spots in the form of drops on the trunk and extremities, generally after an infection.
Pustular psoriasis. Less frequent form that generates sterile pustules in different areas of the body.
Erythrodermic psoriasis. It is a severe variant that affects large areas of the skin, causing intense redness and severe scaling.
Inverse psoriasis. It appears in folds such as armpits, groins and under the breasts, with smooth and inflamed plaques without obvious scales.

In some patients, psoriasis can affect the nails (nail psoriasis), causing thickening, discoloration changes and brittleness. There is also the possibility of developing psoriatic arthritis, a condition that causes inflammation in the joints and can lead to pain and stiffness.

Causes and triggers

Psoriasis is a disease of autoimmune origin in which the immune system reacts abnormally, accelerating the production of skin cells. Although the exact cause is not completely known, genetic, immunological and environmental factors have been identified as playing a key role in its development.

Among the main triggers are:

Stress. It is one of the main aggravators of psoriasis, as it can induce flares or worsen symptoms.
Climate and seasonal changes. Cold and low humidity can dry out the skin and aggravate lesions.
Infections. Diseases such as strep throat can trigger certain types of psoriasis, such as guttate.
Skin lesions. The Köebner phenomenon indicates that wounds, burns or scratching can induce the appearance of lesions in predisposed individuals.
Some medications. Treatments with beta-blockers, antimalarials or systemic corticosteroids may aggravate the disease.
Hormonal factors. Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy or menopause may influence the onset or progression of psoriasis.

The diagnosis of psoriasis is clinical, based on observation of the skin lesions by a dermatologist. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions.

Treatment will depend on the type of psoriasis, the extent of the lesions and the patient’s response. Some options include:

Topical Treatments – These are the first line of treatment in mild to moderate cases and include:
- Topical corticosteroids. They reduce inflammation and redness of lesions.
- Vitamin D analogues. Such as calcipotriol, which regulates the growth of skin cells.
- Topical retinoids. They help control cell proliferation and inflammation.
- Emollients and moisturizers. They keep the skin moisturized and reduce flaking and itching.
Phototherapy – Controlled exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) or UVA light can help improve psoriasis in moderate cases. It is an effective treatment, although it requires medical supervision to avoid skin damage.

Systemic treatments – In more severe cases, oral or injectable medications may be used, such as:
- Immunosuppressants that reduce inflammation.
- Oral retinoids used in severe forms of psoriasis.
- Biological therapies that block certain immune system proteins to curb inflammation.

Since psoriasis is a chronic disease, proper dermatological follow-up is key to adapting treatment according to the patient’s evolution and improving quality of life. The goal is to reduce inflammation, control flare-ups and minimize long-term symptoms. In addition, a holistic approach is recommended, including healthy lifestyle habits, stress control and a balanced diet to promote the patient’s overall wellbeing.

Tuderma treatments:

Phototherapy

Specific dermatological technique for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, dermatitis, vitiligo, pruritus and photodermatosis.

Más información

Although psoriasis cannot be prevented, there are several measures that can help control symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. Keeping the skin well moisturized is essential, so daily use of emollient creams is recommended to minimize dryness and flaking. It is also important to avoid showers with very hot water, which can dry the skin and aggravate inflammation. Instead, it is advisable to use lukewarm water and mild cleansing products without fragrances or irritating components.

Stress is one of the main triggers of psoriasis outbreaks, so emotional management through relaxation techniques, meditation or physical activity can be beneficial to keep the skin in better condition. In addition, it has been shown that tobacco and alcohol can aggravate the disease and reduce the effectiveness of treatments, so avoiding their consumption is key in the control of psoriasis.

On the other hand, moderate exposure to the sun can be favorable for some people, since sunlight can contribute to the improvement of lesions. However, it is essential to do so with caution and always with adequate sun protection, since excessive exposure or without safety measures can generate adverse effects on the skin. Implementing these care and prevention strategies can significantly improve the quality of life of people with psoriasis.

If you suspect you may have psoriasis or experience symptoms compatible with this condition, it is essential to see a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Don’t let psoriasis affect your well-being. Consult our experts and find the right treatment for you.