Skin cancer

Skin cancer is a malignant proliferation of skin cells that develops mainly in areas exposed to the sun, although it can occur anywhere on the body. It is one of the most common types of cancer and, if detected early, usually has a favorable prognosis.

Types of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of skin cancer and originates in the basal cells of the epidermis. It usually presents as a pearly bump or a non-healing wound, especially in sun-exposed areas such as the head, décolleté and neck. Although it rarely metastasizes, it can cause significant local damage if not adequately treated.

Squamous cell or squamous cell carcinoma. This type of skin cancer develops in squamous cells and can manifest as a red, scaly lesion, a non-healing wound or a raised bump with a rough surface. It is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma and is more likely to spread to other parts of the body.

Melanoma. It is the most dangerous type of skin cancer and originates in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanomas can appear as new moles or changes in existing moles, characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, uneven color, diameter greater than 6 mm and evolution in appearance. If not detected and treated in early stages, melanoma can rapidly metastasize to other organs.

Risk factors and prevention

Skin cancer can develop due to a combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition. One of the main risk factors is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either through sunlight or the use of tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA of skin cells and, over time, can cause mutations that trigger the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Prolonged exposure without adequate protection significantly increases the risk of developing different types of skin cancer, especially in people who spend a lot of time outdoors or who have suffered repeated sunburns throughout their lives.

Light skin tone is another important factor to consider. People with fair skin, light eyes and blond or red hair have less melanin, the natural pigment that provides some protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation. This makes them more vulnerable to sun damage and therefore at greater risk of skin cancer compared to those with darker skin tones.

Personal or family history also plays a determining role. Those who have previously had skin cancer are more likely to develop new tumors in the future. Also, if there is a family history of skin cancer, the risk may increase, as certain genetic factors may predispose to a reduced ability to repair cell damage caused by UV radiation.

Age and gender also influence the incidence of skin cancer. As people age, accumulated skin damage due to prolonged sun exposure can translate into an increased risk of developing the disease. In addition, some types of skin cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, are more common in men than in women, possibly due to differences in sun exposure habits and use of protection.

Finally, a weakened immune system can significantly increase susceptibility to skin cancer. They are at increased risk due to the body’s reduced ability to repair cell damage and eliminate abnormal cells before they become cancerous.

Treatment of skin cancer depends on the type, size, location and stage of the tumor, as well as the general health of the patient. Therapeutic options include:

Surgery. Surgical excision is the most common and effective treatment for most skin cancers. Mohs surgery, a technique that allows precise tumor removal with preservation of healthy tissue, is especially useful in sensitive areas or when scarring is to be minimized.
Radiation therapy. It uses radiation to destroy cancer cells and may be an option when surgery is not feasible.
Topical therapies: Creams or ointments containing antineoplastic agents may be effective for certain superficial skin cancers.
Immunotherapy. It stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells and has shown promising results in advanced melanomas, significantly improving patient survival.
Chemotherapy. Although less common in skin cancers, it can be used in advanced or metastatic cases.

Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to improve the prognosis of skin cancer.

For any suspicious lesions or skin changes, it is crucial to consult a dermatologist for a thorough evaluation and, if necessary, to initiate appropriate treatment.

Tuderma treatments:

Mohs Surgery

Dermatologic surgery to treat some skin tumors, especially in aesthetic areas, scarred or irradiated skin, large tumors or tumors with risk of poor scarring.

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Photodynamic therapy

Non-invasive dermatological technique to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, such as actinic keratoses and superficial basal cell epitheliomas, avoiding surgery in many cases.

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Prevention is key to reducing the risk of skin cancer and maintaining healthy skin. Daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) is essential, applying it generously and reapplying it every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating. Complementing this protection with appropriate clothing, such as long-sleeved clothing, wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses with UV filters, helps to minimize direct exposure.

It is advisable to avoid the sun during the hours of greatest intensity (10 a.m. – 4 p.m.), seeking shade and limiting outdoor activities at those times. Likewise, the use of tanning beds should be avoided, since their UV radiation significantly increases the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma.

Regular self-examinations allow early detection of suspicious skin changes, such as irregular moles or non-healing lesions, which facilitates early diagnosis. In addition, regular dermatological check-ups are essential to detect any abnormalities and receive timely treatment.

Adopting these measures not only protects against skin cancer, but also promotes healthy habits for long-term skin care.